• 9964432222
  • Mail Us
  • Appointment
  • Locate Us
  • Chat Now
  • Courses
  • Login
  • Register
Manifest IAS
JournalsOfIndia
Manifest Learning Academy
  • Home
  • SNIPPETSfor Prelims
  • ARTICLESfor Mains
  • BROWSEBY SOURCE
  • DOWNLOADS
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • SNIPPETSfor Prelims
  • ARTICLESfor Mains
  • BROWSEBY SOURCE
  • DOWNLOADS
No Result
View All Result
JournalsOfIndia
No Result
View All Result
Home Agriculture

Types of Droughts

March 27, 2021
in Agriculture
Reading Time: 3 mins read
0
Types of Droughts
16.1k
VIEWS
Share on WhatsAppShare on TelegramShare on Facebook
image_pdfMake PDF

What is Drought ?

  • Drought, lack or insufficiency of rain for an extended period that causes a considerable hydrologic (water) imbalance and, consequently, water shortages, crop damage, streamflow reduction, and depletion of groundwater and soil moisture. 
  • It occurs when evaporation and transpiration (movement of water in the soil through plants into the air) exceed precipitation for a considerable period. 
  • Drought is the most serious physical hazard to agriculture in nearly every part of the world. 
  • Categorized four basic approaches to measuring drought: meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socioeconomic. 

Four Types of Droughts

Meteorological drought

  • Meteorological drought is defined usually on the basis of the degree of dryness (in comparison to some “normal” or average amount) and the duration of the dry period. Definitions of meteorological drought must be considered as region specific since the atmospheric conditions that result in deficiencies of precipitation are highly variable from region to region.
  • For example, some definitions of meteorological drought identify periods of drought on the basis of the number of days with precipitation less than some specified threshold. 

Agricultural drought

  • Definition of agricultural drought should be able to account for the variable susceptibility of crops during different stages of crop development, from emergence to maturity. 
  • Deficient topsoil moisture at planting may hinder germination, leading to low plant populations per hectare and a reduction of final yield. 
  • However, if topsoil moisture is sufficient for early growth requirements, deficiencies in subsoil moisture at this early stage may not affect final yield if subsoil moisture is replenished as the growing season progresses or if rainfall meets plant water needs.

Hydrological drought

  • Hydrological drought is associated with the effects of periods of precipitation (including snowfall) shortfalls on surface or subsurface water supply (i.e., streamflow, reservoir and lake levels, groundwater). 
  • The frequency and severity of hydrological drought is often defined on a watershed or river basin scale. 
  • Although all droughts originate with a deficiency of precipitation, hydrologists are more concerned with how this deficiency plays out through the hydrologic system.
  •  Hydrological droughts are usually out of phase with or lag the occurrence of meteorological and agricultural droughts. 
  • It takes longer for precipitation deficiencies to show up in components of the hydrological system such as soil moisture, streamflow, and groundwater and reservoir levels. As a result, these impacts are out of phase with impacts in other economic sectors. 

Socioeconomic drought

  • Socioeconomic definitions of drought associate the supply and demand of some economic goods with elements of meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought. 
  • It differs from the aforementioned types of drought because its occurrence depends on the time and space processes of supply and demand to identify or classify droughts. 
  • The supply of many economic goods, such as water, forage, food grains, fish, and hydroelectric power, depends on weather. Because of the natural variability of climate, water supply is ample in some years but unable to meet human and environmental needs in other years. 
  • Socioeconomic drought occurs when the demand for an economic good exceeds supply as a result of a weather-related shortfall in water supply. 

image_pdfMake PDF
Source: Britannica and NDMC
Tags: News PaperPrelims

Related Posts

Clean Plant Program

Clean Plant Program

March 2, 2023
Commercial cultivation of liquorice (Mulethi)

Commercial cultivation of liquorice (Mulethi)

February 27, 2023
IARI scientists developed three varieties of wheat

IARI scientists developed three varieties of wheat

February 24, 2023
Integrated rice-fish farming by Apatanis

Integrated rice-fish farming by Apatanis

February 20, 2023
Push for Shrimp farming in Punjab

Push for Shrimp farming in Punjab

February 17, 2023
IARI’s InfoCrop

IARI’s InfoCrop

February 17, 2023
Nau-Anaj (crop)

Nau-Anaj (crop)

January 28, 2023
Kewda oil

Kewda oil

January 24, 2023
New breeds of livestock species registered

New breeds of livestock species registered

January 17, 2023
International Year of Millets-2023

International Year of Millets-2023

January 3, 2023
Please login to join discussion
JournalsOfIndia

Our vision is to orient the readers to grasp the facts objectively and analyse critically. In the rush of reaching first to the readers, the websites miss the balanced opinion, which is the need of the hour. We aim to reach the readers with more crispness, preciseness and relevance. We bring the articles in UPSC way for the civil services aspirants and the Wisest Way for general readers.

Categories

  • Agriculture
  • Disaster Management
  • Economy
  • Environment
  • Ethics
  • Foreign Affairs
  • Geography
  • Governance
  • History
  • Law & Policy
  • Opinion
  • People in News
  • Places in News
  • Science & Tech
  • Security
  • Society
  • Sports
  • Uncategorized

Browse by Tag

AIR All India Radio BBC Business Line Business Standard dow Down to Earth DownToEarth DTE Economic Times ET FAO Financial Express GS-1 GS-2 GS-3 GS-4 Hindustan Times IE India & the world Indian express Indiatoday India today Kurukshetra Livelihoods portal LiveMint Mains News News Paper Newspaper PIB Prelims PRS India RSTV Science Reporter Survey The Hindu The India Express The Indian Express The Print the wire Times of India TOI TOPPERS Yojana

Newsletter

The most important UPSC news and events of the day.

Get Journals daily newsletter on your inbox.

© 2020 JournalsOfIndia - A free initiative by Manifest Team.

  • Login
  • Sign Up
  • Home
  • SNIPPETS
  • ARTICLES
  • BROWSE
  • DOWNLOADS
No Result
View All Result

© 2020 JournalsOfIndia - A free initiative by Manifest Team.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password? Sign Up

Create New Account!

Fill the forms bellow to register

All fields are required. Log In

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In