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States such as Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Haryana opted for a ban on conversion for the sole purpose of marriage.
What is the Special Marriage Act(SMA)?
- SMA 1954 was enacted to facilitate the marriage of couples professing different faiths and preferring a civil wedding.
- It was enacted to provide a special form of marriage for the people of India and all Indian nationals in foreign countries, irrespective of the religion or faith followed by either party.
Key features of the Act
- Applicability of the act:
- The marriage of any two persons may be solemnised under the SMA, subject to the man having completed 21 years of age and the woman 18.
- Any person, irrespective of religion
- Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs, Christians, Parsis, or Jews can also perform marriage under the Special Marriage Act, 1954
- Inter-religion marriages are performed under this Act
- The marriages solemnized under Special Marriage Act are not governed by personal laws
- Objectives of the act are:
- To provide a special form of marriage in certain cases,
- To provide for registration of certain marriages and,
- To provide for divorce
- Conditions for marriage under the act:
- Each party involved should have no other subsisting valid marriage. In other words, the resulting marriage should be monogamous for both parties
- The groom must be at least 21 years old; the bride must be at least 18 years old
- The parties should be competent in regard to their mental capacity to the extent that they are able to give valid consent for the marriage
- The parties should not fall within the degree of prohibited relationship
- Parties to an intended marriage should give notice to the ‘marriage officer’ of the district in which one of them had resided for at least 30 days.
- Objection to marriage: SMA provides for objections to the marriage. Any person can object to the marriage within 30 days of the publication of the notice on the ground that it contravenes one of the conditions for a valid marriage.
Hurdles faced by couples under the act
- Difficulties to inter-faith marriages: Under the act, the provisions relating to notice, publication and objection have rendered it difficult for many people intending to solemnise inter-faith marriages.
- Coercion: Publicity in the local registration office may mean that family members objecting to the union may seek to stop it by coercion. In many cases, there may be a threat to the lives of the applicants.
- There have been reports of right-wing groups opposed to inter-faith marriages keeping a watch on the notice boards of marriage offices and taking down the details of the parties so that they can be dissuaded or coerced into abandoning the idea.
Source: The Hindu
