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Home Science & Tech

Moderna begins trial of HIV vaccine that uses mRNA technology

January 29, 2022
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Moderna begins trial of HIV vaccine that uses mRNA technology
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In news– Recently, Moderna has announced that it has started trials on an mRNA HIV vaccine.

About mRNA HIV vaccine–

  • The vaccine uses  mRNA, or messenger RNA technology (similar to Moderna’s Covid 19 vaccine) which teaches the body’s cells how to make proteins that trigger immune response.
  • It uses a novel approach to elicit broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies (bNAbs) and eventually target multiple HIV strains. 
  • BNAbs are produced by certain types of B cells, which are rare: one in 300,000 B cells have this capability and the vaccine aims to stimulate production of bnAbs that can act against many variants of HIV.
  • The immunogens being tested were developed by scientific teams at the non-profit International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) and Scripps Research, and delivered via Moderna’s mRNA technology.
  • The MODERNA/IAVI study is a phase 1, randomized, first-in-human, open label study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccines, mRNA-1644 and mRNA-1644v2-Core, in HIV-uninfected individuals. 
  • The vaccine is supposed to teach B lymphocytes, which are part of the immune system, to generate these antibodies.
  • In this trial, participants are injected with an immunogen — a substance that can trigger an immune response — and then a booster immunogen later.
  • This Phase 1 trial is being carried out in the United States among 56 healthy adults who are HIV negative.
  • Fifty-six individuals will be randomized in four groups and safety/immunogenicity results will be available in 2023.

About Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-

  • HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system. 
  • It attacks CD4, a type of White Blood Cell (T cells) in the body’s immune system. 
  • T cells move around the body detecting anomalies and infections in cells.
  • If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome). 
  • There is currently no effective cure.
  • Once people get HIV, they have it for life. 
  • But with proper medical care, HIV can be controlled.
  • The virus can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen or vaginal fluids, breast milk.
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO), HIV continues to be a major global public health issue having claimed 36.3 million lives so far. 
  • India has around 21 lakh people living with HIV and every year an estimated 68,000 new infections are added.
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Source: The Indian Express
Tags: PrelimsThe India Express

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