CAATSA of USA

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What is CAATSA?

• CAATSA or Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act is a US legislation that imposes punitive measures, by way of sanctions, for defence and strategic engagement with “American adversaries” like Iran, North Korea, and Russia. 
• It was passed in 2017. 
• It was passed in the wake of Russian interference in the U.S. 2016 presidential election, and was designed to punish Russia by discouraging trade with its defence and intelligence sectors. 
• The CAATSA Sanctions represent the implementation of multiple legal authorities.  
• Some of these authorities are in the form of executive orders issued by the President and some other authorities are public laws (statutes) passed by the Congress.  
• These authorities are further codified by Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) in its regulations which are published in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR).
• OFAC has been charged with enforcing the provisions of the law. 

United States-India Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies (ICET)

• The recently proposed amendment to CAATSA also mentioned the ICET.
• It is co-led by the National Security Council Secretariat in India and the U.S. National Security Council.
• ICET would forge closer linkages between government, academia and industry of the two countries in areas such as AI, quantum computing, 5G/6G, biotech, space and semiconductors.

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