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Home Environment

Zombie Fires

January 25, 2021
in Environment
Reading Time: 2 mins read
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Zombie Fires
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  • Zombie fires’ becoming more frequent in the Arctic in addition to fires occurring in the once-frozen tundra.

What are Zombie fires?

  • Zombie fires occur when a fire from a previous year smolders in carbon-rich peat (organic fuel) underground during the winter, then re-ignite on the surface as the weather warms and the ground thaws the next season.
  • This can lead to even more burning the following year.
  • The process is made worse as peat and permafrost, both carbon sinks which act to hold and store carbon, now become a carbon source.
  • Emissions increase as both the burning of vegetation and burning of peat/permafrost release CO2 into the atmosphere, furthering our planet’s warming.
  • The fires in the Arctic spreading to areas which were formerly fire-resistant is a more worrying feature.
    • The tundra is drying up and vegetation there like moss, grass, dwarf shrubs, etc are starting to catch fire.
    • The tundra is a cold region of treeless level or rolling ground found mostly north of the Arctic Circle or above the timberline on mountains.
  • In 2019 and 2020, burning occurred well above the Arctic Circle, a region not normally known to support large wildfires. Wildfires on permafrost in Siberia south of the Arctic are not uncommon.

Why is a ‘zombie fire’ dangerous?

  • Zombie fires are part of a dangerous “feedback loop”.
  • The growing number of extreme wildfires in the Arctic are unprecedented in the past 10,000 years.
  • These fires can burn underground for years, thawing permafrost and releasing huge amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, creating feedback loops resulting in accelerated warming and more thawing permafrost.
  • The combination of wildfires and permafrost thaw can cause loss of life, landslides, floods, and coastal erosion threatening Arctic communities, infrastructure and wildlife.

Need of the hour:

  • There is an urgent need to understand the nature of fires in the Arctic which are evolving and changing rapidly.
  • The issue needs to be taken up as an issue of global importance.
  • There is a need for global cooperation, investment and action in monitoring fires.
  • Also needed was the learning from indigenous people of the Arctic about how fire was traditionally used.
  • New permafrost- and peat-sensitive approaches to wildland firefighting are also needed to save the Arctic.

 

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Source: Down to Earth
Tags: Down to EarthPrelims

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