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Home Environment

Zero Liquid Discharge Ecology

February 15, 2021
in Environment
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Zero Liquid Discharge Ecology
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In news: The Aqua Rejuvenation Pilot Plant (ARP) installed at CSIR-CMERI recently can help to reach towards a Zero Liquid Discharge Ecology

The Aqua Rejuvenation Pilot Plant (ARP) of CSIR

  • To remove the water contaminants & to purify the sewage water ,CSIR-CMERI developed innovative  technology in combination with chemical & physical processes  such as
    • Mechanical segregation & filtration
    • Coagulation-flocculation techniques and 
    • Chemical/physical adsorption.
  • It comprehensively treats WasteWater, based upon diverse purification parameters. 
  • The approx. 24,000 litres of Water that can be rejuvenated using ARP, will be sufficient for almost 4 acres of Agricultural Land (barring seasonal variations in water requirements). 
  • It is capable of removing all pollutants from sewage (below W.H.O recommended level) and based upon geographical variations they may be modified. 
  • The filter media is also locally source-able so as to ensure that there would not be any stress in the supply chain for scaled-up manufacturing of ARP.

How does it purify sewage water?

The methods of purification applied by CSIR-CMERI in this technology are 

  • Sedimentation (settlement of flocculated or coagulated particles)
  • Filtration (process of removing solids from Liquid) and 
  • Aeration (Oxidation and Hydration).  

Key benefits

  • The technology will help in solving two problems at one go:
    • In one hand it converts sewage water to potable water which may be used for agricultural purposes thereby conserving the fresh water resources
    • On the other hand it helps to reduce the burden of pollutant enriched grey water converting it into potable one.
  • An integrated mechanical and physico-chemical treatment processes based water purification system for effective removal of sewage water contaminants.
  • The technology is economical in terms of maintenance and affordable in terms of operation.
  • Sustainability towards healthy livelihood generation
  • Selective backwash without dismantling any part of the plant; less cumbersome approach.

Significance of the technology

  • ARP has maximum capacity to treat 40,000 litres/day in its scaled-up version. With this technology, CSIR-CMERI will incrementally reach towards a Zero Liquid Discharge Ecology. 
  • The treated water processed from the ARP is preferable for agricultural purposes and with enhanced settling time it can be used for drinking purposes. 
  • This treated water will help to improve the environment by fixation of carbon dioxide and will also provide food security.

What is a Zero Liquid DischargeZLD)?

  • It refers to a treatment process in which the plant discharges no liquid effluent into surface waters, in effect completely eliminating the environmental pollution associated with treatment.
  • It is a combination of technologies that work together to minimize wastewater as much as technically and economically practical, often resulting in a concentrated solid product and high-quality clean water for re-use or environmental discharge.
  • It is achieved by treating wastewater through recycling and then recovery and reuse for industrial purposes.

Components of ZLD

A systematic ZLD is made up of the following components:

  • pretreatment (physicochemical and Biological)
  • RO (membrane processes)
  • evaporator and crystallizer (thermal processes)

How does it work?

 ZLD systems employ advanced wastewater/desalination treatment technologies to purify and recycle virtually all of the wastewater produced

Benefits of ZLD

Following are the benefits of ZLD system

  • Wastewater discharge is avoided by recycling.
  • Recovery of water and salt aids in reducing the cost of operation of ZLD.
  • It promotes the sustainability of the industry and the environment at large.
  • There is less use of water by the textile industry, which means water is available for other purposes such as irrigation (agriculture) and domestic utilities.
  • ZLD helps recover the environment.
  • The sludge can be effectively used by the cement industry.
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Source: PIB & Science direct
Tags: PIBPrelims

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