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Home Science & Tech

What is xenotransplantation?

January 14, 2022
in Science & Tech
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What is xenotransplantation?
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In news– Recently the doctors in the USA transplanted a genetically altered pig heart into a patient which is referred to as xenotransplantation (from animals to humans).

More information on xenotransplantation-

  • Xenotransplantation is any procedure that involves the transplantation, implantation or infusion into a human recipient of either live cells, tissues, or organs from a nonhuman animal source, or human body fluids, cells, tissues or organs that have had ex-vivo contact with live nonhuman animal cells, tissues or organs.
  • Such cells, tissues or organs are called xenografts or xenotransplants.

  • Xenotransplantation of human tumor cells into immunocompromised mice is a research technique frequently used in pre-clinical oncology research.
  • Human xenotransplantation offers a potential treatment for end-stage organ failure, a significant health problem in parts of the industrialized world. 
  • It also raises many novel medical, legal and ethical issues.

Some of the examples of xenotransplantation

  • In 1921, Frederick Banting and his assistant Charles Best extracted insulin from dogs for the first time.
  • In the years that followed, experts began extracting this hormone from the pancreas of pigs and cows. 
  • In September 1965, scientists successfully replaced the aortic valve in a human with a porcine one for the first time. 
  • Heparin, is an anticoagulant that keeps blood clots from forming during surgery and is sourced from pigs.
  • In 1984, a human infant received a heart from a baboon, but she died 21 days after the transplant.
  • In 1997, two surgeons — Dr Dhani Ram Baruah, a transplant surgeon from Assam, and Dr Jonathan Ho Kei-Shing, a Hong Kong surgeon conducted a pig-to-human heart and lung transplant in Guwahati on a 32-year-old farmer, Purno Saikia.
  • However, the transplantation was not successful.
  • In 2017, Scientists had developed a human-pig hybrid by growing human cells inside early-stage pig embryos in the lab.
  • In 2017, Chinese surgeons reportedly transplanted pig cornea to restore sight in a human.
  • In 2019, experts from the US announced that live cell, genetically engineered pig skin could temporarily close a burn wound.
  • In 2020, US experts attached a genetically-altered kidney to a brain-dead person and monitored the new organ for the next 54 hours.
  • The next breakthrough was the latest pig-heart transplant that was granted authorisation by the US Food and Drug Administration after reviewing experimental data.
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Source: Down To Earth
Tags: Down to EarthPrelims

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