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Home Science & Tech

West Nile virus

September 1, 2021
in Science & Tech
Reading Time: 2 mins read
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West Nile virus
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In news- Russia has warned of a possible increase in West Nile virus infections this autumn as mild temperatures attributed to climate change could cause such diseases to become more widespread.

About West Nile virus-

  • West Nile Virus (WNV) is a member of the flavivirus genus and belongs to the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex of the family Flaviviridae.
  • It was first isolated in a woman in the West Nile district of Uganda in 1937. 
  • It was identified in birds (crows and columbiformes) in the Nile delta region in 1953. 
  • Members of the crow family (Corvidae) are particularly susceptible, but the virus has been detected in dead and dying birds of more than 250 species. 
  • Outbreak sites are on major bird migratory routes. 
  • In its original range, WNV was prevalent throughout Africa, parts of Europe, Middle East, West Asia, and Australia.
  • It is mainly transmitted through mosquito bites. 
  • It can lead to a fatal neurological disease in humans, although most people infected never develop any symptoms.

  • Horses, just like humans, are “dead-end” hosts, meaning that while they become infected, they do not spread the infection. 
  • There are no vaccines to prevent or medications to treat West Nile virus in people and about 1 in 5 people who are infected develop a fever and other symptoms such as headache, body aches, joint pains, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. 
  • About 1 in 150 people who are infected develop a severe illness affecting the central nervous system such as encephalitis or meningitis.
  • People over 60 years of age are at greater risk for severe illness if they are infected.
  • The virus may also be transmitted through contact with other infected animals, their blood, or other tissues.
  • There is one reported case of transplacental (mother-to-child) WNV transmission.
  • To date, no human-to-human transmission of WNV through casual contact has been documented.
  • The incubation period is usually 3 to 14 days.
  • Treatment is supportive for patients involving hospitalization, intravenous fluids, respiratory support, and prevention of secondary infections and no vaccine is available for humans.
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Source: Livemint
Tags: News PaperPrelims

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