USA’s sanction on Turkey over S-400

In news 

Recently, The USA has imposed sanctions on Turkey over its acquisition of Russian S-400 

About S-400 Triumf(NATO calls it SA-21 Growler)

• The S-400 is a mobile, surface-to-air missile system (SAM) designed by Russia. 
• It is the most dangerous operationally deployed modern long-range SAM (MLR SAM) in the world, considered much ahead of the US-developed Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system (THAAD).
• It can engage all types of aerial targets including aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV and ballistic and cruise missiles within the range of 400km, at an altitude of up to 30km.
• S-400 can track 100 airborne targets and engage six of them simultaneously.
• It represents the fourth generation of long-range Russian SAMs, and the successor to the S-200 and S-300. 
• The S-400’s mission set and capabilities are roughly comparable to the famed US Patriot system.
• This system integrates a multifunction radar, autonomous detection and targeting systems, anti-aircraft missile systems, launchers, and command and control centre. It is capable of firing three types of missiles to create a layered defence.
• The S-400 is two-times more effective than previous Russian air defence systems and can be deployed within five minutes. 
• It can also be integrated into the existing and future air defence units of the Air Force, Army, and the Navy.
• The first S-400 systems became operational in 2007 and is responsible for defending Moscow. 
• It has been deployed in Syria in 2015, to guard Russian and Syrian naval and air assets. 
• Russia has also stationed S-400 units in Crimea to strengthen Russia’s position on the recently annexed peninsula.

India’s acquisition of S-400

• In October 2015, Defence Acquisition Council considered buying 12 units of S-400 for its defence needs. But agreed for five only.
• India is set to purchase S-400 Triumf air defence missile systems from Russia and by 2023 these systems would be delivered to India.
• The IAF’s air defence missiles can currently only engage targets 40 km away.
• The S-400 more than quadruples the IAF’s missile reach.
• The contract worth $5.43 billion to acquire S-400 Triumf was signed during the visit of President Putin to India in 2018.