• 9964432222
  • Mail Us
  • Appointment
  • Locate Us
  • Chat Now
  • Courses
  • Login
  • Register
Manifest IAS
JournalsOfIndia
Manifest Learning Academy
  • Home
  • SNIPPETSfor Prelims
  • ARTICLESfor Mains
  • BROWSEBY SOURCE
  • DOWNLOADS
No Result
View All Result
  • Home
  • SNIPPETSfor Prelims
  • ARTICLESfor Mains
  • BROWSEBY SOURCE
  • DOWNLOADS
No Result
View All Result
JournalsOfIndia
No Result
View All Result
Home History

Udupi Mutt

January 21, 2020
in History
Reading Time: 7 mins read
0
661
VIEWS
Share on WhatsAppShare on TelegramShare on Facebook
image_pdfMake PDF

Source: The Hindu

Manifest pedagogy: Udupi is an important cultural Centre of India associated with Indian Heritage. It is an important centre for the Dvaita vada and carnatic music. It is a centre for numerous folk traditions too. There is a good possibility of a question on Udupi in the prelims of this year because of the trigger of the death of the seer at udupi. 

In news: Udupi Pejawar Mutt seer Vishwesha Teertha Swami passed away recently.

Placing it in syllabus: Dvaita philosophy

Dimensions:

  • Udupi as a cultural Centre 
  • Madhva acharya and his philosophy of dvaita vada 
  • Carnatic music and its association with Udupi
  • Essential characters of Carnatic music

Content:

Udupi as a cultural Centre:

Udupi city of Karnataka state is the heavenly abode of Lord Krishna which has attained international repute on the cultural frontage. It is also known as the temple city. 

Udupi is known as Rajata Peetha and Shivalli (Shivabelle). Udupi is famous for its cuisine, which differs from South Indian cuisine as it follows the Satvik discipline of cooking.

It is upholding its exclusive ethnic traditions of Yakshagana, Bhuta Kola, Nagaradhane, Aati Kalenja and Karangolu.

Yakshagana: Yakshagana, which literally means ‘the song of the Yaksha’ is a theater form wherein the collage of music, dance, dialogue, costume, make-up and stage techniques collectively presents a unique performance. It emerged during the Bhakti Movement and developed from the pre-classical music and theatre prevailing in that era. The Yakshagana Performances normally narrate the stories from various Indian Epics and religious scriptures such as the Puranas. 

Bhuta Kola: It is a traditional ritual wherein the spirits are worshipped and solicited for their assistance in fertility and prosperity. The term ‘Bhuta’ means the supernatural beings while ‘Kola’ means worship. 

Nagaradhane: ‘Nagaradhane’ means the worship of the Nagas (Cobras and snakes) is believed to have perpetuated by the Bunts of Tulu Nadu who claim to be the descendants of the Nagavansha. Snakes are enshrined in ‘Nagabana’ shrines and worshipped as an emblem of fertility. It  comprises of two distinctive rituals namely ‘Nagamandala’ and ‘Aashleshabali’. 

Aati Kalenja: It is a traditional dance form that is basically performed during the rainy season to protect the village from all the evil spirits.

Karangolu: Karangolu is a traditional dance form that is performed by the members of the ‘Harijan’ community at the time of the second harvest in the months of February or March for the prosperity of the region and the well being of the people. 

The biennial ‘Paryaya Festival’ performed at the Udupi Krishna Temple once in every two years on 18th January is one of the most important religious rituals. It is at this time the Puja rights and administration of the Krishna Temple are handed over from the Swamiji of one Matha to the Swamiji of the other Matha.

Madhvacharya and his philosophy of Dvaita:

  • Madhvacharya was born in 1238 AD to a Vaishnavite Brahmin family in Karnataka.
  • His childhood name was Vasudeva, later became famous as Purnaprajana and finally Madhvacharya.
  • He became a monk in his teenage years and went to Dwaraka in Gujarat and accepted Chitra Preksha as his Guru.
  • There he studied the Advaita literature and Upanishads.
  • However, he wasn’t convinced with the dual principles and philosophy of ‘God and human soul’ are the same.
  • He left the monastery and founded the Dvaita school of Vedanta and called the philosophy as ‘Tattvavada’. 
  • His analysis on holy books of Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads and Brahman Sutras has been written in the Sanskrit Language as 37 books. which are famous as Anuvyakhyana, which was composed in poetic version. 
  • His ideas were different to Adi Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta and Ramanuja’s Vishishtadvaita philosophy.
  • He travelled through India to propagate the philosophy Dvaita Vedanta and in 1285 AD he came to Udupi and established ashta mathas (eight monasteries).

They are: Pejavara, Palimaru, Adamaru, Puttige, Sodhe, Kaniyooru, Shirur, Krishnapura

  • For each of the eight mathas, he appointed one of his direct disciples to be the first Swami, head of the matha.
  • After him his disciples Jayatirtha, Vadiraja Tirtha, Raghavendra Tirtha and Vyasatirth spread the philosophy of Dvaita Vedanta.
  • Another 24 mathas were also established throughout India.
  • The monks in the temple learn the Paryaya system introduced by Madhvacharya.
  • All the monasteries follow the traditions and rituals, which were written by Madhvacharya in Tantrasara.
  • Madhvacharya disappeared in 1317 AD in Udupi.

Shri Madhvacharya’s Nine Teachings

  1. Bhagavan Shri Krishna alone is the Supreme Absolute Truth.
  2. He is the object of knowledge in all the Vedas.
  3. The universe is real, satya.
  4. The differences between Ishvara (God), Jiva (soul) and Matter are real.
  5. Jiva souls are by nature the servants of the Supreme Lord Hari.
  6. There are two categories of jivas – liberated and illusioned.
  7. Liberation (moksha) means entering an eternal relationship of service to the Supreme Lord.
  8. Pure devotional service to Krishna is the only way to attain this liberation.
  9. The truth may be known by pratyaksha (direct perception), anuman (inference or logic), sabda (spiritual sound or Vedic authority.

Carnatic music and its association with Udupi (Haridasa movement):

  • The Haridasa devotional movement originated in Karnataka after Madhvacharya and spread to eastern states such as Bengal and Assam of medieval India.
  • It was ushered in by the Haridasas and took shape during the 13th and 14th centuries, prior to and during the early rule of the Vijayanagara empire.
  • The main objective of this movement was to propagate the Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya to the masses through a literary medium known as Dasa Sahitya.
  • The Haridasas were saints who considered themselves as slaves of their supreme lord – Hari.
  • The movement was a net result of earlier devotional movements such as the Veerashaiva movement of Vachana literature in Karnataka led by Basavanna (12th century) and the Alvar saints of Tamil Nadu (10th century). 
  • Prominent Hindu philosophers, poets and scholars such as Sripadaraya, Vyasathirtha, Vadirajatirtha, Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa played an important role during this time. 
  • Later, Vallabhacharya in Gujarat and Guru Chaitanya were influenced by the teachings of Madhvacharya.
  • Their devotees started the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) – known as the Hare Krishna Movement.
  • The Haridasa movement developed the Carnatic music tradition as a distinct art form from the Hindustani style.
  • Purandara Dasa, one of the foremost of Haridasas’ is known as the “Father of carnatic music” composed several Kirtane.
  • Apart from Purandara Dasa, several later Haridasas’ composed songs adhering to the same musical and philosophical traditions which fell in one of the following categories: Padagalu (devotional hymns), Kriti, Ugabhoga, Suladi, Vruttanama, Dandaka, Tripadi, Pattadi, Sangathya and Ragale.
  • The tradition was elaborated and perfected by the Trinity of Carnatic music (Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri).

Essential characters of Carnatic music:

The main emphasis in Carnatic tradition is on vocal music and most compositions are written to be sung. It rests on four main elements.

Shruti: It refers to musical pitch. It is the note from which all the others are derived. 

Swara: It refers to a type of musical sound that is a single note, which defines a relative (higher or lower) position of a note, rather than a defined frequency. Swaras also refer to the solfege of Carnatic music, which consist of seven notes, “sa-ri-ga-ma-pa-da-ni”.

Raga system: A raga prescribes a set of rules for building a melody. It specifies rules for movements up (aarohanam) and down (avarohanam), the scale of which notes should figure more and which notes should be used more sparingly etc…

Ragas may be divided into two classes: 

  • Janaka ragas (i.e. melakarta or parent ragas)
  • Janya ragas (descendant ragas of a particular janaka raga)

Tala system: Tala refers to a fixed time cycle set for a particular composition, which is built from groupings of beats. Talas have cycles of a defined number of beats and rarely change within a song. They have specific components, which in combinations can give rise to over 108 varieties allowing different compositions to have different rhythms.

image_pdfMake PDF
Tags: GS-1Mains

Related Posts

Mahavishnu Temple, Thirunelly

Mahavishnu Temple, Thirunelly

April 28, 2023
Zafar Mahal of Delhi

Zafar Mahal of Delhi

April 27, 2023
Pushkaralu festival

Pushkaralu festival

April 26, 2023
Maa Kamakhya corridor

Maa Kamakhya corridor

April 21, 2023
St Thomas shrine

St Thomas shrine

April 18, 2023
GI tag to Gond painting

GI tag to Gond painting

April 18, 2023
Bihu dance makes a Guinness World Record

Bihu dance makes a Guinness World Record

April 18, 2023
Vishu festival

Vishu festival

April 17, 2023
Teja Singh Sutantar

Teja Singh Sutantar

April 13, 2023
Mission to map rural India’s cultural assets

Mission to map rural India’s cultural assets

April 10, 2023
Please login to join discussion

Our Offline Classroom Student

CONGRATULATIONS TO 2021 TOPPERS !!!

Rank 171 Kumar Shivashish
Rank 250 Sahithya
Rank 263 Sumit Kumar Thakur
Rank 311 Deepak Ramachandra Shet
Rank 455 Ravinandan B M

June 2025
MTWTFSS
 1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
30 
« May    

Browse by Category

  • Agriculture
  • Disaster Management
  • Economy
  • Environment
  • Ethics
  • Foreign Affairs
  • Geography
  • Governance
  • History
  • Law & Policy
  • Opinion
  • People in News
  • Places in News
  • Science & Tech
  • Security
  • Society
  • Sports
  • Uncategorized

Browse by Tags

AIR All India Radio BBC Business Line Business Standard dow Down to Earth DownToEarth DTE Economic Times ET FAO Financial Express GS-1 GS-2 GS-3 GS-4 Hindustan Times IE India & the world Indian express Indiatoday India today Kurukshetra Livelihoods portal LiveMint Mains News Newspaper News Paper PIB Prelims PRS India RSTV Science Reporter Survey The Hindu The India Express The Indian Express The Print the wire Times of India TOI TOPPERS Yojana
JournalsOfIndia

Our vision is to orient the readers to grasp the facts objectively and analyse critically. In the rush of reaching first to the readers, the websites miss the balanced opinion, which is the need of the hour. We aim to reach the readers with more crispness, preciseness and relevance. We bring the articles in UPSC way for the civil services aspirants and the Wisest Way for general readers.

Categories

  • Agriculture
  • Disaster Management
  • Economy
  • Environment
  • Ethics
  • Foreign Affairs
  • Geography
  • Governance
  • History
  • Law & Policy
  • Opinion
  • People in News
  • Places in News
  • Science & Tech
  • Security
  • Society
  • Sports
  • Uncategorized

Browse by Tag

AIR All India Radio BBC Business Line Business Standard dow Down to Earth DownToEarth DTE Economic Times ET FAO Financial Express GS-1 GS-2 GS-3 GS-4 Hindustan Times IE India & the world Indian express Indiatoday India today Kurukshetra Livelihoods portal LiveMint Mains News Newspaper News Paper PIB Prelims PRS India RSTV Science Reporter Survey The Hindu The India Express The Indian Express The Print the wire Times of India TOI TOPPERS Yojana

Newsletter

The most important UPSC news and events of the day.

Get Journals daily newsletter on your inbox.

© 2020 JournalsOfIndia - A free initiative by Manifest Team.

  • Login
  • Sign Up
  • Home
  • SNIPPETS
  • ARTICLES
  • BROWSE
  • DOWNLOADS
No Result
View All Result

© 2020 JournalsOfIndia - A free initiative by Manifest Team.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password? Sign Up

Create New Account!

Fill the forms bellow to register

All fields are required. Log In

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In