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Home Science & Tech

Typbar TCV Vaccine

April 29, 2020
in Science & Tech
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Context: Pakistan becomes first country to launch new typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV)

  • Pakistan introduced TCV in its national immunisation program against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid outbreak. 
  • The Typbar TCV vaccine was recommended by WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (WHO-SAGE) in December 2017. WHO prequalified the vaccine in January 2018.
  • The new vaccines have been provided by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, to the Pakistani government free of cost.
  • India-made vaccine Typbar TCV- Bharat Biotech
  • Typhoid is a serious illness caused by Salmonella Typhi, and is spread through contaminated food and water. 
  • Two other typhoid vaccines — polysaccharide typhoid vaccine and live, weakened typhoid vaccine — are already used commercially. But the efficacy of the vaccines to protect against typhoid is lower than the conjugate vaccine 

Conjugate vaccine 

  • Vaccines are used to prevent diseases by invoking an immune response to an antigen (the foreign part of a bacteria or virus that the immune system recognizes). 
  • Attenuated or dead version of a bacteria or virus is used in the vaccine, so that the immune system can recognize the antigen later in life. 
  • Antigen of some bacteria does not elicit a strong response from the immune system, so a vaccination against this weak antigen would not protect the person later in life.
  • Conjugate vaccine is one in which the antigen (which is a polysaccharide in this case) is chemically linked to a carrier protein. 
  • Conjugate vaccines combine the weak antigen with a strong antigen as a carrier so that the immune system has a stronger response to the weak antigen. 

GAVI

  • GAVI is a global health partnership of public and private sector organizations dedicated to “immunisation for all”. 
  • It is supported by many organisations like Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the WHO, the World Bank, UNICEF

 

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