Teja Singh Sutantar

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A brief note on him-

• Teja Singh Sutantar, also Swatantar, was a national revolutionary of India who fought for the independence of India from the British Empire and for the liberation of Punjab peasantry from the clutches of feudal lords. 
• He was a member of the 5th Lok Sabha from Sangrur constituency as a CPI candidate. 
• He also was Member of Punjab Legislative Assembly from 1937 to 1945 and member of Punjab Legislative Council from 1964 to 1969. 
• He became actively involved in the revolutionary activities during the 1920s when the Ghadar Party was preparing for the second attempt for the overthrow of British government. 
• Sutantar was sent to Turkey in 1924 where he joined the Turkish military academy to attain military knowledge. 
• In and out of prison several times, Sutantar was among the top national Communist leaders jailed by the British administration in the Deoli Detention Centre in the early-1940’s.
• Sutantar was a popular Communist leader in the Kirti Kisan Party and later Central Committee member and General Secretary of the Lal Communist Party Hind Union. 
• The party published a magazine, Lal Jhanda, from 1948-1952 under the editorship of Teja Singh Sutantar, managed by Gandharv Sen. 
• Sutantar was among the tallest leaders in undivided Punjab and, post-Partition, on the Indian side who led the struggles of the peasantry, along with the likes of Bhagat Singh Bilga and Baba Bujha Singh. 
• In 1952 Lal Communist Party Hind Union merged into Communist Party of India. He become the president of All India Kisan Sabha from 1968 to 1973.
• He died on 12 April 1973.

The Ghadar Party–

• The Ghadar Party was formed in was formed on 15 July 1913 in the United States under the leadership of Lala Har Dayal, Sant Baba Wasakha Singh Dadehar, Baba Jawala Singh, Santokh Singh and Sohan Singh Bhakna as its president.
• The movement originated with an organization of immigrants in California called the Hindustani Workers of the Pacific Coast.
• The goal of the movement was to assist in overthrowing British colonial rule in India. 
• Shortly after the outbreak of World War I, many of the Ghadrites returned to India and for several months during 1915 carried on terrorist activities in central Punjab. 
• After the war, the party in America split into Communist and anti-Communist factions. The party was dissolved in 1948, after India had achieved independence.

Kirti Kisan Party-

• The Workers and Peasants Party (WPP) (also known as the Kirti Kisan Party) was a political party in India, which worked inside the Indian National Congress in 1925–1929. 
• The party was founded in Bengal on 1 November 1925, as the Labour Swaraj Party of the Indian National Congress.
• The founding leaders of the party were Kazi Nazrul Islam, Hemanta Kumar Sarkar, Qutubuddin Ahmad and Shamsuddin Hussain.
• It became an important front organisation for the Communist Party of India and an influential force in the Bombay labour movement. 
• The party was able to muster some success in making alliances with other left elements inside the Congress Party, amongst them Jawaharlal Nehru. 
• However, as the Communist International entered its ‘Third Period’ phase, the communists deserted the WPP project. 
• The WPP was wound up, as its leadership was arrested by the British authorities in March 1929.

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