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Home Environment

Shola Grasslands

August 19, 2020
in Environment
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Why in news?

  • According to an expert committee report, expanding plantations of exotic species, including tea, in the Nilgiris can wipe out Shola vegetation.

About the Sholas:

  • The Shola vegetation are tropical montane forests found in the Western Ghats separated by rolling grasslands in high altitudes.
  • It is a stunted forest growth of diverse grass species and made up of dwarf trees growing 25-30 feet.
  • Vegetation is double layered storey with closed canopy which hardly permits a single ray of sunlight to penetrate in the natural vegetation.
  • Compared to 1973, Shola grasslands areas have seen a 7% decline by 2014.
  • According to the report, the change in vegetation will result in loss of water sources and is already leading to massive landslides.
  • Invasive species like eucalyptus, tea plantations and wattle and naturalized alien species like Lantana camara, Opuntia stricta, Parthenium hysterophorus and Senna spectabilis have had a serious impact on the Shola forest and grasslands.

Importance of Sholas:

  • They serve as huge water harvesting and storage structures and are rich store houses of biodiversity.
  • Many of the rivers in Kerala and Tamil Nadu originate from the Shola grasslands and are perennial.
  • With depletion of Sholas and other forests, the streams that supply water to them dry up in summer.

 

 

Tags: Prelims

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