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Home Science & Tech

Shigella Bacteria

May 6, 2022
in Science & Tech
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Shigella Bacteria
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In news–  Recently, the Kerala health department has identified Shigella bacteria as the cause for the food poisoning incident in Kasaragod, which claimed the life of a 16-year-old girl and led to 30-odd others being admitted to hospital.

What is Shigella bacteria?

  • Shigella is a bacterium that belongs to the enterobacter family, a group of bacteria that reside in the intestine, not all of which cause disease in humans. 
  • It mainly affects the intestine and results in diarrhoea, sometimes bloody, stomach pain, and fever.
  • The infection spreads easily as it takes only a small number of bacteria to make someone ill. 
  • It is a food- and water-borne infection, and can happen when someone consumes contaminated food.
  • The disease is easily spread by direct or indirect contact with the excrement of the patient. 
  • One can get the infection if he/she swims or takes a bath in contaminated water.
  • Infections like typhoid and cholera are also because of contaminated foods.
  • Shigella outbreaks appear to be exacerbated during pregnancy and in children under five years of age, and in those with weakened immune systems.
  • There are four types of Shigella bacteria that affect humans, they are: 
      1. Shigella sonnei.
      2. Shigella flexneri.
      3. Shigella boydii.
      4. Shigella dysenteriae. 
  • The fourth type causes the most severe disease because of the toxin it produces.
  • Infection does not generally kill, unless the patient has a weak immune system or the pathogen is resistant to the antibiotics that are prescribed. 
  • If the bacteria continue to proliferate in the body even after giving the antibiotics, it will continue to produce toxins, which can then affect the kidney, cause seizures, lead to multi-organ failure, and shock, and even turn fatal. 

  • The mortality of the infection is less than 1%.
  • The measures to prevent a Shigella infection are the same as that of any other food- and water-borne infection.

 

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Source: The Indian Express
Tags: NewspaperPrelims

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