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Home Science & Tech

Polio

April 16, 2020
in Science & Tech
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Why in news?

World polio day was celebrated and the National Polio Program has been started.

What is Polio?

  • Polio-myelitis is a contagious viral disease that affects mainly small children and is highly infectious.
  • It is primarily spread through a faecal-oral route or less often, a specific medium (eg. infected water or food) from person to person and multiplies in the intestines from which it can enter the nervous system and cause paralysis.
  • At first the disease does not splash in nearly 90 percent of cases.
  • But the problem begins and leads to paralysis when the virus enters into the central nervous system which will remain permanently.
  • Early signs include fever, exhaustion, cough, diarrhea, neck stiffness and leg pain.
  • No cure has been found and early immunization can prevent it.
  • In 2014, India was officially declared polio-free, along with the rest of the South-East Asia Region.
  • On 13 January 2011, West Bengal and Gujarat were India’s latest reported cases of wilderness polio.
  • The government has incorporated Inactivated Polio Vaccine(IPV) into its routine immunization program in order to provide additional protection for infants.
  • The main aim behind this ambitious programme is to strengthen the children’s immune system and to provide double protection against polio.
  • Until polio is eradicated globally, Oral Polio vaccine(OPV) is still the main preventive measure against polio. Thus, IPV is recommended in addition to OPV and does not replace OPV.
  • IPV may be given alone or in combination with other vaccines as an injectable vaccine.
  • For IPV, all three poliovirus forms ( type 1, type 2 and type 3) have serum immunity, resulting in paralyzed poliomyelitis defense.
  • India became the first country to incorporate fractional IPV doses in early 2016 into the infant-immunization system in the world.

 

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