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Home Society

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

June 24, 2020
in Society
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What is the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV)?

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is used to protect infants, young children, and adults against disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • It contains purified capsular polysaccharide of pneumococcal serotypes conjugated to a carrier protein to improve antibody response
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of the conjugate vaccine in routine immunizations given to children
  • PCV has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing incidence and severity of pneumonia and other lower respiratory infections in children
  • PCV is already being used in the national immunization program of more than 141 countries (as of September 2017).
  • PCV was introduced in India’s UIP in a phased manner from June 2017 onwards.
  • PCV is made up of sugars (polysaccharides) from the capsule of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • In PCV, each polysaccharide is attached, or conjugated to, a carrier protein. The carrier protein is selected to improve the immune response in those vaccinated.
  • PCV has been shown to protect very young children starting at 6 weeks of age when infants are most at risk of infection.
  • It protects against severe forms of pneumococcal diseases, such as pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia

What is the Pneumococcal disease?

  • It is the name given to a group of diseases caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus Pneumoniae(also known as pneumococcus) different types of diseases caused by pneumococcus Diseases caused by pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) are:
    • Pneumonia: Inflammation of the lungs, It is a form of acute respiratory infection that causes inflammation or fluid in the lungs. It makes breathing difficult and limits oxygen intake.
    • Bacteremia/sepsis: bloodstream infection, with or without infection of secondary sites, e.g., meningitis
    • Bacterial meningitis: infection of the membranes that cover and protect the spinal cord and brain
    • Otitis media: Middle ear infection

 

 

Tags: Prelims

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