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Home Science & Tech

Perseverance Mars Rover made Oxygen

April 23, 2021
in Science & Tech
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Perseverance Mars Rover made Oxygen
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In News: For the first time, a device aboard the rover was able to produce oxygen from the thin Martian atmosphere on Tuesday, according to the US space agency. 

About the Perseverance Rover

  • In July of 2020, the project  launched.
  • It is expected to land in the Jezero Crater on Mars.
  • Perseverance’s main mission is to look for traces of ancient life and gather rock and regolith samples to eventually return to Earth.
  • Perseverance is fueled by electrical energy produced by the radioactive decay of plutonium.
  • NASA Perseverance allows shape memory alloys to stay stable on Mars’ surface.
  • Perseverance is equipped with drills, cameras, and lasers and is expected to explore Mars.

Important  Mission

  • Perseverance will be equipped with a one-of-a-kind instrument called MOXIE (Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment), which will produce molecular oxygen on Mars for the first time using carbon dioxide from the planet’s carbon-dioxide-rich atmosphere (ISRU means In Situ Resource Utilization: or the use of local resources to meet human needs or requirements of the spacecraft).
  • It will transport Ingenuity, the first ever Mars helicopter. 
  • NASA is flying a helicopter for the first time on another planet or satellite.

How did Perseverance produce oxygen on Mars?

  • In its first operation since arriving on the Red Planet, the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE) produced 5 grams of oxygen from carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere, enough for an astronaut to breathe for 10 minutes.
  • On Mars, carbon dioxide makes up ~96% of the gas in the planet’s atmosphere. Oxygen is only 0.13%, compared to 21% in Earth’s atmosphere. 
  • Like a tree on Earth, MOXIE inhales carbon dioxide and exhales oxygen.
  • To produce oxygen, MOXIE separates oxygen atoms from carbon dioxide molecules. It does so by using heat at a temperature of around 800 degrees Celsius, and in the process also produces carbon monoxide as a waste product, which it releases in the Martian atmosphere.
  • A technology demonstrator, MOXIE is designed to generate up to 10 grams of oxygen per hour, and is placed inside the Perseverance rover. It is the size of a car battery, weighing 17.1 kg on Earth, but just 6.41 kg on Mars.
  • Through its first successful run, MOXIE was able to demonstrate that it survived its launch from Earth.
  • MOXIE is only a test model. Future oxygen generators that descend from its technology need to be about 100 times larger to support human missions on Mars.

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Source: Indian Express
Tags: PIBPrelims

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