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Home Environment

Odisha’s Kendrapara, India’s only district to have all 3 species of crocodilians

September 1, 2021
in Environment
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Odisha’s Kendrapara, India’s only district to have all 3 species of crocodilians
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In news- Odisha’s Kendrapara is the only district in India to be home to all three species of crocodilians found in the country. 

Key updates-

  • This has been declared after forest officials found a baby gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) in the Paika river of the Bhitarkanika National Park, located in the district.
  • The National Park is also the home of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus).
  • In October, 2016, the forest department had rescued a live 12-foot-long mugger (Crocodylus palustris) from a fishing net in the Luna river.
  • The gharial and saltwater crocodile conservation programme was first implemented in Odisha in early 1975 and subsequently, the mugger conservation programme was initiated.
  • In 1975, the Union ministry of forest and environment, in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme, had started a crocodile breeding and rearing project in Dangamala within the Bhitarkanika.

Types of crocodiles in India-

Gharial-

  • It is found in clear freshwater river systems, congregating at river bends where the water is deeper.
  • Also called as gavials, they are a type of Asian crocodilian distinguished by their long, thin snouts.
  • They congregate to mate and make nests during the dry season, when females lay eggs in sandbanks along slow-moving sections of water.
  • These animals do not stalk and lunge at prey like other crocodilians.
  • Their snouts contain sensory cells that can detect vibrations in the water.
  • It is found mostly in Himalayan rivers.
  • IUCN status: Critically Endangered

Saltwater Crocodile-

  • It is the earth’s largest living Crocodilian.
  • It inhabits coastal brackish mangrove swamps and river deltas.
  • The saltwater crocodile has a wide snout compared to most crocodiles.
  • IUCN Status: Least Concern

Mugger-

  • The mugger crocodile is also called marsh crocodile, a broad-snouted crocodile.
  • It is principally restricted to the Indian subcontinent where it may be found in a number of freshwater habitat types including rivers, lakes and marshes.
  • Females dig holes in the sand as nesting sites and lay up to 46 eggs during the dry season. 
  • Sex of hatchlings depends on temperature during incubation.
  • Its visual, hearing and smelling senses are acute.
  • IUCN status: Vulnerable

 June 17 is celebrated as World Crocodile day. It is a global awareness campaign to highlight the plight of endangered crocodiles and alligators around the world.

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Source: DownToEarth
Tags: NewspaperPrelims

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