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Home Science & Tech

Nuclear scientists hail US fusion breakthrough

August 19, 2021
in Science & Tech
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Nuclear scientists hail US fusion breakthrough
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In news- Recently, the nuclear scientists using lasers the size of three football fields said they had generated a huge amount of energy from fusion, possibly offering hope for the development of a new clean energy source.

Nuclear Fusion & Current breakthrough-

  • Nuclear Fusion reactions power the Sun and other stars.  
  • It is a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy.
  • Nuclear Fusion is considered by some scientists to be a potential energy of the future, particularly because it produces little waste and no greenhouse gases.
  • It differs from fission, a technique currently used in nuclear power plants, where the bonds of heavy atomic nuclei are broken to release energy.
  • In the fusion process, two light atomic nuclei are “fused” to create a heavy one. 

  • In this experiment scientists used two isotopes of hydrogen, giving rise to helium.
  • Researchers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California appeared to have demonstrated “fusion ignition” for the first time roughly equivalent to striking a match that leads to a sustained fusion reaction of the kind seen at the centre of the sun.
  • Scientists focused their giant array of almost 200 laser beams onto a tiny spot to create a mega blast of energy eight times more than they had ever done in the past.
  • This is the process that is at work in stars, including the Sun.
  • This is the most significant advance in inertial fusion since its beginning in 1972.
  • Turning this concept into a renewable source of electrical power will probably be a long process and will involve overcoming significant technical challenges.

How does Nuclear fission work?

  • In nuclear fission, atoms are split apart, which releases energy. 
  • A neutron collides with a uranium atom and splits it, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of heat and radiation. 

  • More neutrons are also released when a uranium atom splits. 
  • These neutrons continue to collide with other uranium atoms, and the process repeats itself over and over again. 
  • This process is called a nuclear chain reaction. 
  • This reaction is controlled in nuclear power plant reactors to produce a desired amount of heat.
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Source: Economic Times
Tags: News PaperPrelims

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