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Home Science & Tech

New study on HPV vaccine

November 6, 2021
in Science & Tech
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New study on HPV vaccine
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In news- Recently, a new study has found that the HPV vaccine has reduced the risk of developing cervical cancer by 62 per cent in women between the ages of 14 and 16.

A note on the new study-

  • The study was funded by Cancer Research UK. 
  • The study looked at all cervical cancers diagnosed in England in women aged between 20 and 64 years, between January 2006 and June 2019.
  • The study shows that the HPV vaccination in combination with cervical cancer screening reduces the cancer to a point where almost no one develops it. 
  • It also shows that over a period of 11 years (since 2006), the vaccine prevented around 450 cervical cancers and around 17,200 cases of precancerous conditions.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine-

  • There are various types of HPV vaccines, including the quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil), which protects against four types of HPV (HPV 16, 18, 6 and 11). 
  • All HPV vaccines protect against at least HPV types 16 and 18, which cause the greatest risk of cervical cancer.
  • The latter two strains cause genital warts. 
  • The other kind of vaccine is the bivalent vaccine (Cervarix), which protects against HPV 16 and 18 only. 
  • The third type is a non valent vaccine (Gardasil 9), which protects against nine strains of HPV.
  • These vaccines prevent cervical cancer in women and girls who have not yet been exposed to the virus. 
  • Ideally, the vaccine should be administered before the individual makes their first sexual contact. 
  • While for teenagers, the vaccine is administered in a two-dose regimen, for those between the ages 15-26, a three-dose regimen is used in the US.

HPV vaccination in India

  • India is home to 27 percent of total cervical cancer cases globally. 
  • In India, bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines were licensed in 2008 and a non valent vaccine was licensed in 2018. 
  • The Indian Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Immunization (IAPCOI) recommends that HPV vaccines be given as a two-dose regimen, six months apart for girls below the age of 14 years. 
  • For those who are 15 and older, the vaccine is given in a three-dose regimen.
  • There is no recommendation for HPV vaccines for boys and males in India yet.

What is human papillomavirus (HPV)?

  • HPV is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract and there are more than 100 types.
  • It is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and most people are infected with HPV shortly after the onset of sexual activity.
  • It is sexually transmitted, but penetrative sex is not required for transmission. 
  • Skin-to-skin genital contact is a well-recognized mode of transmission.
  • More than 40 types of HPV are spread through direct sexual contact. 
  • Almost all cervical cancers are caused by HPV and the vaccine protects against two of the cancer-causing strains, which are HPV 16 and 18.
  • Once infected, most people do not develop any symptoms, thereby are not aware that they have the virus. 
  • In most cases, the body’s immune system will be able to clear the virus out, which means it won’t do any harm to the individual. 
  • The infection with certain HPV types also causes a proportion of cancers of the anus, vulva, vagina, penis and oropharynx.
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Source: Indian Express
Tags: NewspaperPrelims

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