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Home History

Martand Sun temple

October 21, 2021
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In news– Recently the Union Minister of Commerce visited the Sun temple at Martand. 

About Martand Sun temple-

    • It is situated 8 Kilometers from Anantnag town in Mattan area (originally called Martand or Bhawan) in the southern part of Kashmir.
  • It is also known as Pandou Laidan.
  • Martand is another Sanskrit synonym for Surya.
  • The temple is one of the earliest known sun temples much older than Konark (Odisha) and Modhera (Gujarat).
  • The temple was built by King Lalitaditya during the 8th century and is considered to be a mirror of the art and skill of Kashmiri Hindus.
  • As per Tareekh-e-Hassan (the oldest History of Kashmir) there was a city named Babul in the Karewas of south Kashmir built by Raja Ranadatiya. 
  • In front of his Royal palace he built Martandeshwari temple around 370 to 400 C.E. 
  • The same temple was later architectured by Lalitadatiya Muktapida and was dedicated to Surya Bhagwan. 
  • According to historians the  temple was completely destroyed by Sikandar Butshikan in the early 15th century CE.
  • The architects built this magnificent edifice in a unique way so that the sunlight would fall on the idol (idol of Sun God) throughout the day. 
  • The Archaeological Survey of India has declared the Martand Sun Temple as a site of national importance in Jammu and Kashmir.

Some of the important Sun temples in India-

  • Sun Temple at Unao in Madhya Pradesh.
  • Sun Temple in Ranchi, Jharkhand.
  • Katarmal Surya Temple, Almora District, Uttarakhand.
  • Surya Pahar Temple, Assam.
  • Surya Narayana Temple, Domlu, Bangalore.
  • Dakshinaarka Sun Temple, Gaya.
  • Suryanar Temple also called as Suryanar Kovil Temple, Kumbakonam.
  • Surya Narayana Temple, Arasavalli, Andhra Pradesh.

King Lalitaditya-

  • Lalitaditya alias Muktapida was a powerful ruler of the Karkota dynasty of Kashmir region in the Indian subcontinent.
  • He is mentioned in the Chinese Tang Dynasty Chronicles.
  • According to 12th-century chronicler Kalhana, the Karkota dynasty of Kashmir was founded in 625 CE by king Durlabh Vardhana. 
  • The Karkota rulers were Vaishnavas and constructed several Vishnu shrines in their dominions.
  • Avanti Varman ascended the throne of Kashmir in 855 A.D., establishing the Utpala dynasty and ending the rule of the Karkota dynasty.
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Source: PIB
Tags: PIBPrelims

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