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Home Geography

Main Himalayan Thrust

April 10, 2021
in Geography
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Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT)

  • The Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is a décollement under the Himalaya Range. 
  • This thrust fault follows a NW-SE strike, reminiscent of an arc, and gently dips towards the north, beneath the region. 
  • It is the largest active continental megathrust fault in the world.
  • The MHT accommodates crustal shortening of India and Eurasia as a result of the ongoing collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.
  • Deformation of the crust is also accommodated along splay structures including the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), Main Central Thrust (MCT) and possibly the South Tibetan Detachment. 
  • All these three faults (MCT, MBT, and HFF/T) conjoin along the basal detachment plane called the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT).
  • The MHT defines the thrust interface between the subducting Indian and the overriding Eurasian plates where there is a plane of detachment from the Indian lithosphere.
  • On the far Tibetan side of the Himalayas, there is another fault system called the South Tibetan Detachment (STD).
  • All these four thrusts form the base of the Tethyan Sedimentary Series of the Himalayas.
  • In April 2015, a section of the MHT produced a blind rupture earthquake, killing nearly 9,000 Nepalese.

Main Central Thrust (MCT) Zone

  • This separates the Higher Himalayas in the north from lesser Himalayas in the south.
  • Important role in the tectonic history of these mountains.

Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) Zone

  • It is a reverse fault of great dimensions which extends all the way from Assam to Punjab and serves.
  • Separate the outer Himalayas from the lesser Himalayas.

Himalayan Frontal Fault/Thrust (HFF/T)

  • It is a series of reverse faults that demarcates the boundary of the Shivalik from the Himalayan province from the alluvial expanse of the Indo-Gangetic plains.
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Source: Britannica
Tags: News PaperPrelims

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