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Home Environment

Kelp Forests

April 6, 2020
in Environment
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Why in news?

According to research, Underwater Arctic Forests (Kelps) are expanding.

What are Kelp Forests?

  • Kelps are large brown algae seaweeds attached to the seafloor and eventually grow to the water’s surface and rely on sunlight to generate food and energy.
  • They are underwater forests that thrive well in cold, nutrient rich waters.
  • They are always coastal and require shallow, relatively clear water.
  • Kelp forests have been observed throughout the Arctic and the Canadian Arctic alone represents 10 percent of the world’s coastlines.
  • They even grow under sea ice.
  • Many fish species use kelp forests as nurseries for their young.
  • Seabirds and marine mammals like sea lions, sea otters and even grey whales use them as shelter from predators and storms.
  • Destructive fishing practices, coastal pollution and accidental damage caused by boat entanglement are known to negatively affect kelp forests.
  • Sea urchins can destroy entire kelp forests by moving in herds whereas Sea otters play a key role in stabilizing Sea urchin populations so that kelp forests may thrive.

 

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Tags: Prelims

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