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Home Economy

India Discrimination Report-2022

September 17, 2022
in Economy
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India Discrimination Report-2022
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In news– The Oxfam India has recently released ‘India Discrimination Report 2022’.

Key Highlights of the report-

  • According to the report, gender discrimination is the reason for 98 per cent of employment gap between males and females in India.
  • The report highlighted that woman in India despite their same educational qualification and work experience as men will be discriminated in the labour market due to societal and employers’ prejudices.
  • The report shows that discrimination causes 100 per cent of employment inequality faced by women in rural areas in labour market and 98 per cent in urban areas.
  • The report said self-employed males earn 2.5 times more than females, 83 per cent of which is attributed to gender-based discrimination and 95 per cent of the gap between the earnings of male and female casual wage workers is due to discrimination.
  • The report further said that 93 per cent of the gap in earnings of males and females is due to discrimination.
  • It says that rural self-employed males earn twice of what females earn in rural areas. Male casual workers earn ₹3,000 per month more than females, 96 per cent of which is attributed to discrimination.
  • The academically recognised statistical model applied in the report is now able to quantify the discrimination women face in the labour market. 
  • The lower wages for salaried women are due to 67 per cent of discrimination and 33 per cent due to lack of education and work experience.
  • The inequality in the labour market for gender and other social categories is not just due to poor access to education or work experience but because of discrimination.
  • It has found that discrimination is a driving factor behind low Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) of women in the country.
  • These findings are based on the government data on employment and labour from 2004-05 to 2019-20.
  • The Oxfam India report refers to unit level data from 61st round National Sample Survey (NSS) data on employment-unemployment (2004-05), the Periodic Labour Force Survey in 2018-19 and 2019-20 and All India Debt and Investment Survey by the government. 
  • Oxfam India is a non profit organization working to support child education, empowering women & fighting against inequality in India.

What is the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)?

  • It is the percentage of the population which is either working (employed) or seeking for work (unemployed).
  • According to the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the LFPR is a ‘measure of the proportion of a country’s working-age population that engages actively in the labour market, either by working or looking for work’.

  • The breakdown of the labour force (formerly known as economically active population) by sex and age group gives a profile of the distribution of the labour force within a country.
  • As per the ministry of statistics and programme implementation, LFPR for women in India was only 25.1% in 2020-21. 
  • This is considerably lower than Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa as per the latest World Bank estimates. LFPR for women in South Africa was 46% in 2021.
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Source: The Hindustan Times
Tags: NewspaperPrelims

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