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Home Geography

Exoplanets

November 11, 2021
in Geography
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In news– Recently, Indian Astronomers have found a new method to understand the atmosphere of exoplanets.

Key updates–

  • In the recent past, astronomers have discovered that many other stars have planets going around them, like our Solar System. 
  • Till now, around 5000 such exoplanets have been detected.
  • Recently, Aritra Chakrabarty, a postdoctoral researcher at Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Bangalore, developed a detailed three-dimensional numerical method and simulated the polarization of exoplanets. 
  • Just like the Solar-planets, exoplanets are slightly oblate due to their rapid spin rotation. 
  • Further, depending on its position around the star, only a part of the planetary disk gets illuminated by the starlight. 
  • This asymmetry of the light-emitting region gives rise to non-zero polarization.
  • The polarization at different wavelengths is sufficiently high and hence can be detected even by a simple polarimeter if the starlight is blocked. 
  • It helps study the atmosphere of the exoplanets along with its chemical composition.
  • Unlike the traditional and popular methods such as Transit Photometry and Radial Velocity methods that can detect planets that are viewed almost edge-on only, this polarimetric method can detect and probe exoplanets orbiting with a broad range of orbital inclination angles. 

What are exoplanets?

  • Exoplanets are planets that lie beyond our solar system.
  • Most orbit other stars, but free-floating exoplanets, called rogue planets, orbit the galactic center and are untethered to any star.
  • The first possible evidence of an exoplanet was noted in 1917, but was not recognized as such. 
  • The first confirmation of detection occurred in 1992. 
  • This was followed by the confirmation of a different planet, originally detected in 1988.

  • Exoplanets are very hard to see directly with telescopes. 
  • They are hidden by the bright glare of the stars they orbit.
  • So, astronomers use other ways to detect and study these distant planets. 
  • They search for exoplanets by looking at the effects these planets have on the stars they orbit.

 

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Source: Down To Earth
Tags: Down to EarthPrelims

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