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Home Geography

Earth’s first landmass emerged in Singhbhum

November 18, 2021
in Geography
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Earth’s first landmass emerged in Singhbhum
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In news– A new study has suggested that the earliest continental landmass emerged from Jharkhand’s Singhbhum region.

Key highlights of the study–

  • Researchers have found sandstones in Singhbhum with geological signatures of ancient river channels, tidal plains and beaches over 3.2 billion years old, representing the earliest crust exposed to air.
  • Patches of the earliest continental land, however, exist in Australia and South Africa, too.
  • They have found the age by analysing the uranium and lead contents of tiny minerals and studied the granites that form the continental crust of Singhbhum region.
  • According to them, these granites are 3.5 to 3.1 billion years old and formed through extensive volcanism that happened about 35-45 km deep inside the Earth and continued on-and-off for hundreds of millions of years until all the magma solidified to form a thick continental crust in the area. 
  • The researchers believe the earliest emergence of continents would have contributed to a proliferation of photosynthetic organisms, which would have increased oxygen levels in the atmosphere.
  • This study was conducted by researchers from India, Australia and the US.
  • The researchers also aim to understand the evolution of India’s three other ancient continental fragments — Dharwar, Bastar and Bundelkhand regions.

Theories of landmass evolution–

  • Continental Drift theory- It is the hypothesis that the Earth’s continents have moved over geologic time relative to each other, thus appearing to have “drifted” across the ocean bed. It is associated with Alfred Wegener.
  • Convectional Current theory- According to this theory, the intense heat generated by radioactive substances in the mantle seeks a path to escape, giving rise to the formation of convection currents in the mantle. It was proposed by Arthur Holmes in the 1930s.
  • Seafloor spreading theory- This theory, introduced by Harry Hess & Robert Dietz, was proven as patterns of magnetic field polarity preserved in seafloor basalt and by age dating of the rocks.Polar wandering theory- This theory is similar to Continental Drift theory. It is the relative movement of the earth’s crust and upper mantle with respect to the rotational poles of the earth.

 

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Source: The Indian Express
Tags: News PaperPrelims

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