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Home Science & Tech

Dengue outbreak in New Delhi

September 9, 2021
in Science & Tech
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Dengue outbreak in New Delhi
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In news– Delhi is observing a slight uptick in the number of dengue cases, with 124 infections reported so far this year the highest since 2018 when the city saw 137 cases

About Dengue-

  • Dengue is a severe, flu-like illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death. 
  • It is a mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in tropical and subtropical areas.
  • Dengue virus is transmitted by female mosquitoes mainly of the species Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Ae. albopictus. 
  • These mosquitoes are also vectors of chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika viruses. 
  • Dengue is widespread throughout the tropics, with local variations in risk influenced by rainfall, temperature, relative humidity and unplanned rapid urbanization.
  • According to experts, the aedes mosquito breeds in clean stagnant water.
  • Dengue is caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family and there are four distinct, but closely related, serotypes of the virus that cause dengue (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4)
  • Severe dengue is a leading cause of serious illness and death in some Asian and Latin American countries.
  • Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle, and joint pain, and a characteristic skin rash similar to measles. 
  • There are four types of dengue strains, and type II and IV are considered to be more severe and normally require hospitalisation.
  •  The World Health Organization classifies dengue into 2 major categories: dengue (with / without warning signs) and severe dengue. 
  • There is no specific treatment for dengue/severe dengue. Early detection of disease progression associated with severe dengue, and access to proper medical care lowers fatality rates of severe dengue to below 1%.
  • The global incidence of dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades. 
  • There are an estimated 100-400 million infections each year.
  • Dengue prevention and control depends on effective vector control measures. Sustained community involvement can improve vector control efforts substantially.
  • In 2020, dengue affected several countries, with an increased number of cases in Bangladesh, Brazil, Cook Islands, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Mauritania, Mayotte (Fr), Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Yemen. 
  • In 2021, dengue continues to affect Brazil,  Cook Islands, Colombia, Fiji, Kenya, Paraguay, Peru and Reunion island.
  • The largest number of dengue cases ever reported globally was in 2019.

Vaccination against dengue-

  • The first dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV) developed by Sanofi Pasteur was licensed in December 2015 and has now been approved by regulatory authorities in ~20 countries.
  • Dengvaxia is basically a live, attenuated dengue virus. 
  • An attenuated virus is a virus that retains its properties of triggering an immune response in the body but its ability to lead to a disease is compromised.
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Source: Indian Express
Tags: NewspaperPrelims

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