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Home Foreign Affairs

Democratic Republic of the Congo declares meningitis outbreak

September 11, 2021
in Foreign Affairs
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Democratic Republic of the Congo declares meningitis outbreak
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In news– Recently, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has declared an outbreak of meningitis in the north-eastern Tshopo Province.

About meningitis-

  • Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges. 
  • The meninges are the three membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord.
  • The most common causes of meningitis are viral and bacterial infections.
  • The symptoms include altered mental status, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, irritability, headache, fever, chills, stiff neck, purple areas of skin that resemble bruises, lethargy.
  • The infections is usually caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (also termed meningococcus).
  • Neisseria meningitidis infects only humans and there is no animal reservoir. 
  • The bacteria are transmitted from person-to-person through droplets of respiratory or throat secretions from carriers.
  • The largest burden of meningococcal disease occurs in an area of sub-Saharan Africa known as the meningitis belt, which spans 26 countries and stretches from Senegal in the west to Ethiopia in the east.
  • During the dry season, dust winds, cold nights and upper respiratory tract infections damage the nasopharyngeal mucosa, increasing the risk of meningococcal disease. 
  • Transmission of Neisseria meningitidis can be facilitated by overcrowded housing arrangements and gatherings.

Prevention & global efforts-

  • Meningitis is a largely preventable disease through vaccination. 
  • In November 2020 ‘Defeating Meningitis by 2030’ global road map was approved by the World Health Assembly with three objectives:
    • End of bacterial meningitis epidemics.
    • Reduction of cases of vaccine-preventable bacterial meningitis by 50 per cent and deaths by 70 per cent.
    • Reduction of disability and improvement of quality of life after meningitis due to any cause.
  • A meningococcal A conjugate vaccine (MenACV) was introduced through mass preventive campaigns since 2010. 
  • Routine immunisation programmes have started since 2016.

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Source: Down To Earth
Tags: NewspaperPrelims

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