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Home Environment

Climate change effect on ENSO events

September 7, 2021
in Environment
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Climate change effect on ENSO events
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In news– A paper published recently in Nature Climate Change noted that increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide can cause a “weakening of future simulated ENSO sea surface temperature variability.

Key findings-

  • The team used one of South Korea’s fastest supercomputers, Aleph. 
  • The paper notes that the intensity of the ENSO temperature cycle can weaken as CO2 increases.
  • The unabated warming is likely to silence the world’s most powerful natural climate swing which has been operating for thousands of years.
  • They noticed sea-surface temperature anomalies at CO2-doubling conditions and it became robust at CO2 quadrupling.
  • The team studied the movement of atmospheric heat to decode the collapse of the ENSO system. 
  • They explain that future El Niño events will lose heat to the atmosphere more quickly due to the evaporation of water vapour. 
  • Also, in the future there will be a reduced temperature difference between the eastern and western tropical Pacific, inhibiting the development of temperature extremes during the ENSO cycle.
  • The team also studied tropical instability waves, a prominent feature in the equatorial Pacific and noted that there can be a weakening of these waves in the projected future, which can cause a disruption of the La Niña event.

What is ENSO?

  • El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant interseasonal–interannual variability in the tropical Pacific.
  • Though ENSO is a single climate phenomenon, it has three states, or phases, it can be in.  
  • The two opposite phases, “El Niño” and “La Niña,” require certain changes in both the ocean and the atmosphere because ENSO is a coupled climate phenomenon. 
  • “Neutral” is in the middle of the continuum.

    • The El Niño period is characterised by warming or increased sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
    • A La Niña event causes the water in the eastern Pacific Ocean to be colder than usual. 
  • Together, they are called ENSO or El Niño-Southern Oscillation.

 

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Source: Indian Express
Tags: NewspaperPrelims

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