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Home Society

Bonda Tribe

November 25, 2020
in Society
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Bonda Tribe
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Bonda Tribe of Odisha sees rise in distress migration

About Bonda Tribe

  • They live in in the isolated hill regions of the Malkangiri district of Odisha near the  junction of the three states of Odisha, Chhattisgarh, and Andhra Pradesh
  • Other names  of Bonda tribes are Bondo, Bondo Poraja, Bhonda, or Remo
  • They belong to a Munda ethnic group
  • There are two different Bonda tribes: the Upper Bondas with a population of 6,700 who are the most isolated from mainstream Indian society, and the Lower Bonda with a population of 17,000. Upper Bondas have almost no connection to the outside world.
  • The Bonda are a scheduled tribe of India and are also known as the Remo (meaning “people” in the Bonda language). The tribe is one of the oldest and most primitive in mainland India
  • They are one of the 75 Primitive Tribal Groups identified by the Government of India.
  • Their language belongs to the Munda branch of the Austroasiatic language family. It is most closely related to the Gutob language

Their  society and culture

  • Bonda boys are expected to marry between the ages of 10 and 12
  • A form of dowry (known as Gining) is paid for brides.
  • Divorce, also known as “Lung Sisi” is also an issue within the Bonda people. In some extreme circumstances, such as if a Bonda woman is divorced for adultery, the former husband demands double the price that was paid for their marriage
  • When death or mora occurs, it is custom to sacrifice a cow on the tenth day, a practice also known as “Gaitang
  • In Bonda society, women enjoy a privileged position. 
  • They are the primary workers and providers of food for the community.
  • This matriarchal dominance is also seen in the marital norms of the community. Bonda girls largely marry boys who are at least five to ten years younger than them. 
  • Thus the girl looks after her husband as he grows up and in turn he cares for his older wife.

Bonded labour system among Bonda tribe

  • The unfree labour or Goti system in India is known as Gufam by the Bonda people. 
  • A male bonded labour is called Gufam-Rem whereas a female laborer is a Gufam-Boy. 
  • Bonda people are often led to bonded labour through marriage, also known as diosing.
Source: The Hindu
Tags: Prelims

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