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Home Science & Tech

Autosomal DNA technique

November 1, 2021
in Science & Tech
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Autosomal DNA technique
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In news– Recently, a living descendant of the famed Lakota leader Sitting Bull has been confirmed using a novel technique for analyzing fragments of the historic figure’s DNA.

The familial connection of Sitting Bull-

  • The autosomal DNA technique has been used for the first time to identify the great-grandson and closest living relative of Sitting Bull, a prominent 19th century Native American leader.
  • It took the scientists 14 years to develop a technique to search for “autosomal DNA,” which is non-sex-specific DNA that people inherit from both their mother and father.
  • The researchers compared autosomal DNA from Sitting Bull’s hair sample to DNA samples from LaPointe and other Lakota Sioux to establish the familial connection.
  • Usually, genealogy studies focus on sex-specific genetic matches, such as zeroing in on the Y chromosome, which is passed down to male descendants, or specific DNA in the mitochondria that is passed from mothers to their offspring. 

Sitting Bull-

  • Sitting Bull, born in 1831, was chief and medicine man of the Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux.
  • He united the Sioux tribes across the Great Plains in the late 19th century and led the resistance against settlers who were invading tribal lands. 
  • He is most famous for his victory over US General George Armstrong Custer in the Battle of the Little Bighorn river in 1876.
  • He hailed from the Lakota branch of the Great Sioux Nation or Oceti Sakowin, was killed by Native American police in 1890.
  • An Army doctor at the Fort Yates military base in North Dakota took a lock of Sitting Bull’s hair and his wool leggings which helped this current research.

What is Autosomal DNA?

    • All are born with 23 pairs of chromosomes(with few exceptions) that were passed down from parents through combinations of their 46 chromosomes.
  • X and Y, the two most popularly known chromosomes, are part of the 23rd pair of chromosomes. 
  • They’re also called the sex chromosomes because they determine what biological sex a person is born with.
  • The rest of the 22 pairs are called autosomes also known as autosomal chromosomes. 
  • Hence Autosomal DNA is contained in the 22 pairs of chromosomes not involved in determining a person’s sex. 
  • Autosomal DNA recombines in each generation, and new offspring receive one set of chromosomes from each parent.
  • These are inherited exactly equally from both parents and roughly equally from grandparents to about 3x great-grandparents.

Usage of this technique-

  • Autosomal DNA tests can tell us a lot about our ancestry and chances of getting certain conditions with a pretty high level of accuracy. 
  • This is done by finding specific variations in our genes and putting them in groups with other DNA samples that have similar variations.
  • The autosomal DNA technique can be used even when very limited genetic data are available.
  • The technique could also be used in forensic investigations.
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Source: DownToEarth
Tags: NewspaperPrelims

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