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Home Foreign Affairs

Apartheid

December 9, 2021
in Foreign Affairs
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In news– Recently, Indian-origin South African anti-apartheid veteran Ebrahim Ismail Ebrahim, also known as “Ebie”, who was also the former deputy minister of international relations,  died at the age of 85.

What is Apartheid?

  • It is the name of the policy that governed relations between the white minority and the non white majority of South Africa during the 20th century. 
  • The apartheid name was first used in about 1948 to describe the racial segregation policies embraced by the white minority government.
  • It dictated where South Africans, on the basis of their race, could live and work, the type of education they could receive, and whether they could vote.
  • According to this system of social stratification, white citizens had the highest status, followed by Asians and Coloureds, then black Africans.
  • Under the administration of the South African president F.W. de Klerk, legislation supporting apartheid was repealed in the early 1990s, and a new constitution—one that enfranchised blacks and other racial groups was adopted in 1993. 
  • The apartheid regime of South Africa ended in 1994, during which year democratic elections were held in the country for the first time.
  • All-race national elections held in 1994 resulted in a black majority government led by prominent anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela of the African National Congress party.

About Ebrahim Ismail-

  • He was born in 1937 to parents of Indian origin.
  • He belonged to the village of Chasa near Alipore and adopted the surname of the family he had accompanied to South Africa, which was Ebrahim.
  • He was influenced by the leaders of the  African National Congress (ANC) and the Natal Indian Congress (NIC)  at the age of 13.
  • By 1952, during the Defiance Campaign his political involvement grew and Ebrahim joined the NIC.
  • He became a member of the ANC, spent over 15 years in the Robben Island prison along with Nelson Mandela and Ahmed Kathrada for taking a position against the apartheid government.
  • In 1952, Ebrahim joined the liberation movement as a youth activist and participated in the Congress of the People Campaign through the NIC. 
  • In 1961, he joined the armed wing of the ANC called the Umkhonto We Sizwe that was meant to carry out sabotage activities in the country.
  • For his political activities, he was sent to jail for several years.

 

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Source: The Indian Express
Tags: News PaperPrelims

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